Abstract Background Vertebral arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is an uncommon vascular disorder and defined as abnormal connections of the extracranial vertebral artery or its branches into the neighboring vein or deep venous plexus.This can be spontaneous or traumatic in origin.Spontaneous cases may be congenital or associated with dysplasia of vascula

: In this paper, the operation of a future distribution network is discussed under the assumption of a multi-copyright microgrid (MCMG) concept.The new model considers a modern energy management technique in electricity and natural gas networks based on a novel demand side management (DSM) which the energy tariff for responsive loads are correlated

Demands and concessions in a multi-stage bargaining process are shaped by the probabilities that each side will prevail in an impasse.Standard game-theoretic predictions are quite sharp: demands are pushed to the precipice with nothing left on the table, but there is no conflict regardless of the degree of power asymmetry.Indeed, there SEA RICH OME